Engine.



P. J. ZELLAR.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, 1913.

1,067,705. Patented July 15, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

WITNESSES l/Vl/E/VTOR ATTORNEYS COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH CO..WASHXNQTON. D.c.

P. J. ZELLAR.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, 1913.

Patented July 15, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

limmm WITNESSES A TTOR/VEYS F. J. ZELLAR.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 27, 19,13.

Patented July 15, 1913.

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WITNESSES ATTORNEYS di it TED PATENT FREDERICK JAMES ZELLAR, OF GRANDHAVEN, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-HALF T0 DAKE ENGINE CO., OF GRANDHAVEN, MICHIGAN.

ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 15, 1913.-

Application filed March 27, 1913. Serial No. 757,120.

To aZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, FREDERICK J. ZELLAR, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Grand Haven, in thecounty of Ottawa and State of Michigan, have invented a new and ImprovedEngine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to engines known as the double-reciprocatingsquare piston type, such as that disclosed in United States PatentNumber 395,089, granted to W. "F. Dake, December 25, 1889; that is tosay, the present invention relates to improvements in engines of thattype in which rotary motion of the engine shaft is produced by a pistoncomposed of two slidably-connected sections which reciprocaterectilineally as a unit by steam exerted alternately on opposite sidesthereof, and in which the inner section reciprocates rectilineally in adirection at right-angles to the first-mentioned movement by steamadmitted alternately at opposite sides of the inner section, thereciprocating movements taking place in such order as to produce rotarymovement of the crank pin of the engine shaft.

The invention has for one of its objects to improve and simplify theconstruction and operation of engines of this character so as to becomparatively inexpensive to manufacture, of greater power for a givenweight and size of engine, and so designed as to be reliable, eficientand economical in use.

Another object of the invention is the employment of a novel arrangementof means for admitting motive fluid to and exhausting it from thepiston, the exhaust and admission ports being so designed that machiningis reduced to a minimum, and the liability of leakage of steam overcome.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a combined crankdisk and valve whereby the piston rotates the crank and whereby motivefluid is admitted to and exhausted from the piston chamber.

.A further object of the invention is the provision of an engine of thetype referred to capable of being reversed and of developingsubstantially equal power in rotating in either direction.

\Vith these objects in view, and others as will appear as thedescription proceeds, the invention comprises various novel features ofconstruction and. arrangement of parts which will be more fullydescribed hereinafter and set forth with particularity in the claimsappended hereto.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of theinvention, and wherein similar reference characters are employed todesignate corresponding parts, Figure l is a side View of the machinewith the front plate removed and a portion of the inner part of thepiston in section to illustrate the details of construction, the pistonbeing shown at the extreme left limit of its stroke; Fig. 2 is a similarview, showing the piston in mid position in its movement toward theright; Fig. 3 is a View similar to Fig. 1, with the piston removed; Fig.4 is a view similar to Fig. 8, with the com bined crank and valveremoved to show the annular inlet and exhaust passages in the casing;Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig.2; Fig. 6 is a verticalsection on the line 66 of Fig. 2; Fig. 7 is a view of a combined crankand valve Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the body portion of the innersection of the piston; and Fig. 9 is a perspective view of one of theend slippers or shoes of said inner section of the piston.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the body of the casing, which ispreferably, although not necessarily, a single-piece metal castingformed with a rectangular piston chamber 1, and a concentric cylindricalvalve chamber 2 that has formed in its end wall concentric annularsupply and exhaust chambers or ports 3 and 4, respectively. The pistonchamber has one side open for permitting the interior to be machined andfinished, said open side of the chamber being closed by a head or plate5, which has a flat inner surface and which is secured to the body A bybolts 6. The head or wall 7 of the casing is provided with a bearingopening 8 for the engine shaft 9, there being a stutling box 10 carriedby the plate 7 to prevent leakage of motive fluid along the shaft.Within the piston chamber 1 is the piston 13, which is composed of arectangular outer section 11 and an inner rectangular section 12 whichslidably fits within the chamber 13 of the outer section and engages theend members 14: thereof, the inner section being considerably less invertical dimension than the chamber 13, so that the inner section canslide up and down in the outer section. The two sections of the pistonwill move together horizontally as a unit under the power of the motivefluid. The inner section 12 has at its center arcuate ports 15, 16, 17and 18, which communicate respectively with diametrically arrangedpassages 15 16, 17 and 18 in the inner section 12 of the piston. Thepassages 15 and 17* communicate through ports 19 and 20 with theopposite ends of the piston chamber, and the passages 1W and 18communicate with the spaces inclosed by the two sections of the pistonthat are above and below the inner section.

Bearing against the piston is the crank 0, fastened to the crank shaft9, this crank being in the form of a disk 21, which has a crank pin 22that extends in a central opening 23 in the inner section of the piston,the crank pin being eccentric to the axis of the shaft 9, so that bymovement of the inner section of the piston, back and forth indirections at right-angles to each other, the crank shaft will berotated. This crank disk C is also the valve for admitting to andexhausting from the piston cylinder the motive fluid. For this purposethe disk 21 has two passages 2&1 and 25, which passages in the surfacepresented to the piston terminate in ports 26 and 27 which are adaptedto register with the arcuate ports 15, 10, 17 and 13 of the innersection of the piston, while the opposite ends of the passages 24 andterminate in ports 28 and 29 which are located at different radialdistances from the axis of the crank of the disk 21, so that the port 28will register with the annular inlet passage 3 of the engine body A,while the port 29 will register with the annular exhaust passage 4:.Thus, as the crank disk or valve 21 rotates, the ports 28 and 29 will bein permanent communication with the passages 3 and 1, and the ports 26and 27 will register with oppositely-disposed passages in the innersection of the piston.

At one end of the engine is a valve mechanism D for controlling theadmission and exhaust of motive fluid for the purpose of determining thedirection of rotation, and also for starting or stopping the engine.This valve mechanism comprises a casing 30 which is connected by asupply pipe 31 with a source of motive fluid; and the casing, one sideof which is open and has a removable plate 32, contains an oscillatoryplate valve 33 provided with a central stem 34,- that is connected witha controlling lever In the casing are ports 36 and 37 that are connectedrespectively by passages 38 and 39 with the annular passages 3 and 4,said passages 38 and 39 being cored in the valve casing 30 and pistoncasing A. The valve 33 is adapted to cover both ports 36 and 37 when thepower of the engine is to be cut off, and to cover one port while theother is open, so as to permit steam to pass through said open port, andthence to the piston. The port that is closed against the admission ofsteam communicates by a port 10 in the side of the valve 33 with anexhaust passage 11 cored out in the body A of the engine, and connectedwith an exhaust pipe 12.

As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the ends of the inner section 12 of thepiston are provided with renewable slippers or shoes 43 as engage theend members lt of the outer section.

In the operation of the engine, when the valve 33 is in the positionshown in Figs. 3 and 4, steam is admitted through the passage 38 to theinner annular passage 3, and thence passes through the passage 24 of thecrank disk 21 or valve to the port 18 of the inner section of the pistonwhen such section is in the position shown in Fig. 1. Steam acts betweenthe lower side of the inner section 12 and the bottom of the outersection 13, forcing the inner section up wardly to the position shown inFig. 2, thereby imparting a quarter rotation to the crank shaft in aclockwise direction, it be ing understood that the steam at the upperside of the inner section 12 of the piston escapes through the passage25 of the crank disk and valve to the outer annular passage 4, andthence through the passage 29, ports 37 and 10 and passage 41 to theexhaust pipe. The relative position of the crank disk and valve andpiston having changed, the steam will pass from the inlet passage 24 ofthe valve through the port 15, passage 15- and port 19, whereby thesteam acts on the left end of the piston, so as to force the twosections thereof as a unit toward the left, the course of the incomingsteam, as well as the outgoing steam, being shown by the arrows in Fig.5. The crank shaft will be given another quarter turn, and thereaftersteam will be admitted to the upper side of the inner section to impartanother impulse to the crank shaft, and then steam is admitted to theright side of the piston, so that the piston will be returned to theposition shown in Fig. 1. By reversing the position of the valve 33 thecrank shaft can be given an anti-clockwise rotation.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, the advantages of the method of operation and of the apparatusshown will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to whichthe invention appertains, and while I have described the best embodimentthereof I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown ismerely illustrative, and that such changes may be made when desired asare within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I

claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. An engine comprising a casing including a piston chamber, a pistonslidably mounted in the casing and on the ends of which motive fluidacts alternately for reciprocating the piston, and consisting of innerand outer sections between which the motive fluid for reciprocating theinner section acts, and a combined valve and crank controlling theadmission and exhaust of fluid to and from the piston chamber andconnected with the piston to receive rotation from the latter.

2. An engine comprising a casing including a piston chamber, a pistonslidably mounted in the casing and on the ends of which motive fluidacts alternately for reciprocating the piston, and consisting of innerand outer sections between which the motive fluid for reciprocating theinner section acts, a combined valve and crank con trolling theadmission and exhaust of fluid to and from the piston chamber andconnected with the piston to receive rotation from the latter, saidcombined valve and. crank having separate passages, and annular passagesin the said casing having constant communication with the firstmentioned passages.

.. 3. An engine comprising a casing includ- /mg a piston chamber, apiston slidably mounted in the casing and on the ends of which motivefluid acts alternately for reciprocating the piston, and consisting ofinner and outer sections between which the motive fluid forreciprocating the inner section acts, a combined valve and crankconrolling the admission and exhaust of fluid to and from the pistonchamber and connected with the piston to receive rotation from thelatter, a crank shaft connected with the combined valve and crank, andadmission and exhaust passages in the wall of the casing in concentricrelation to the shaft communicating with the passages of the combinedvalve and crank.

4. An engine comprising a casing inclosing a piston chamber, a pistonmounted therein and on the ends of which fluid alternately acts toreciprocate the piston, said piston consisting of an inner sectionadapted to reciprocate in the outer section by fluid acting alternatelyon opposite sides of the inner section, a crank connected with the innersection of the piston to be rotated thereby, inlet and exhaust passagesin the piston, separate passages carried by the crank for communicatingwith the piston passages to admit steam to one of the said passageswhile exhausting steam from the other passage, and separate passages inthe wall of the casing permanently communicating with the respectivepassages on the crank.

5. An engine comprising a casing, a shaft therein, annular passagesconcentric with the shaft for the inlet and exhaust fluid respectively,a valve on the shaft having sages communicating respectively with thefirst mentioned passages, and a piston having a plurality of passagesarranged to communicate with the passages of the valve in apredetermined order, said valve being located between the piston and thewall of the casing having the first mentioned passages.

6. An engine comprising a casing, a shaft therein, annular passagesconcentric with the shaft for the inlet and exhaust fluid respectively,a valve on the shaft having passages communicating respectively with thefirst mentioned passages, a piston having a plurality of passagesarranged to communicate with the passages of the valve in apredetermined order, said valve being located between the piston and thewall of the easing having the first mentioned passages, and a connectionbetween the piston and valve for rotating the latter by the piston.

7. An engine comprising a casing, a shaft therein, annular passagesconcentric with the shaft for the inlet and exhaust fluid respectively,a valve on the shaft having passages communicating respectively with thefirst mentioned passages, a piston having a plurality of passagesarranged to communicate with the passages of the valve in apredetermined order, said valve being located between the piston and thewall of the casing having the first mentioned passages, and a reversingvalve for connecting either of the first mentioned passages with asource of supply.

8. An engine comprising a casing, a plurality of annular passages in onewall thereof, a crank, a piston, a connection between the piston andcrank and eccentric to the axis of the latter, said piston having aplurality of passages open in one face of the piston and disposed in acircle concentric to said connection between the piston and crank, andpassages extending through the crank from one side to the other, thelatter passages at one end communicating with the annular passages ofthe casing and at the other end with the passages of the said piston foradmitting fluid to and exhausting it from the piston.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

FREDERICK JAMES ZELLAR.

Witnesses MAX GLAZAT, THOMAS RYCOMGA.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

